This note describes the construction of two versions of an algorithm to compute the Standard ratio as described by Piero Sraffa in his famous Production of commodities by means of commodities (PCMC). The procedures do not rely on linear algebra operations. Each routine has its advantages and...

The purpose of this paper is to examine the critical arguments made by Burmeister, Samuelson, and others, with respect to Sraffa (1960). In his arguments about the standard commodity, Sraffa assumed that a change in income distribution has no effect on the output level and choice of techniques,...