president, respectively. The results show that trade reforms explain the rise of populism in Brazil during the last two decades …This paper investigates the long-term impact of economic shocks on populism, by exploiting a natural experiment created … by the trade liberalization process implemented in Brazil between 1990 and 1995. This high impact and low duration event …

interpersonal and interterritorial inequality. This rising inequality is seen as a root cause of populism. Yet, there is no … interpersonal inequality, and the rise of far-right populism in Europe and in the US. The analysis -conducted at small region level … minorities shunned populism. In Europe, the most significant factor behind the rise of far-right populism is economic decline …

This article investigates the rise of populism in Poland, applying an interdisciplinary method, with political, social …, and economic factors as the compound reason for the turn from liberalism towards populism. The methodology of the study is … transition disparities were the main reasons for populism's prevalence. The democratic backsliding has not changed party …