for Iran, using a weighted average of other comparable countries that mirror pre-sanction Iran, but did not experience …This study examines the impact of international economic sanctions, imposed on Iran due to its nuclear program, on the … development of the middle class. Specifically, it investigates how the middle class in Iran would have developed in the absence of …

alleviate even the most extremes of poverty. In this sense, the pandemic is yet another reminder for how important investments …

We investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on income levels, poverty, and inequality in both the immediate … remained incomplete and was unevenly spread over the population even 22 months after the start of the pandemic. Poverty more …

macroeconomic outcomes on poverty rates. With regard to policy, the study examines the changes that took place in 1997-98, and then … acceleration of output growth and employment creation, and contributed to reducing poverty rates. -- Latin American economies … ; macroeconomic policies ; economic growth ; employment ; poverty rates ; inequality …