This paper analyzes how internal debt financing of multinational firms affects high-tax countries. It uses a dynamic small open economy model and takes into account that internal debt impacts both the multinational firms’ investment decisions and the government's tax policy. The government has...

Internal debt financing can be used by multinational firms to shift profits from high-tax to low-tax countries. Governments apply thin capitalization rules (TCRs), which limit the deductibility of interest expenses, to restrict this behavior. TCRs fall in two main categories: safe haven rules...

This article investigates a tax competition model where countries compete for capital and profits of multinational enterprises (MNEs) through statutory tax rates and cross-border loss-offset provisions, which allow a transfer of foreign subsidiaries’ losses to the parent company. A joint...