a ‘coping’-adjusted health expenditure ratio, (b) uncover poverty that is ‘hidden’ because total household expenditure … important implications for the measurement and interpretation of how health payments impact on consumption and poverty. Given … is inflated by financial coping strategies and (c) identify poverty that is ‘transient’ because necessary consumption is …

of NCDs on labor supply and capital accumulation. We present results for the five main NCDs (cardiovascular disease …, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, diabetes, and mental health). Our undiscounted estimates indicate that the cost of the … most costly domains are cardiovascular disease and mental health, followed by respiratory disease. Our analyses also reveal …