This paper identifies a new reason for giving preferences to the disadvantaged using a model of contests. There are two forces at work: the effort effect working against giving preferences and the selection effect working for them. When education is costly and easy to obtain (as in the U.S.),...

This paper attempts to provide conclusive evidence in favor of sensitivity of optimal commodity taxes to demographic variables. This involves estimating optimal commodity taxes for the chosen 16 Indian states, incorporating demographic profiles for each state using NSS data. Such calculations...

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2 : Natural Language Models -- Chapter 3: Large Language Models -- Chapter 4 : Macroeconomic Indicators, Aggregates, and Framework -- Chapter 5 : Economic Sustainability -- Chapter 6 : Social Sustainability -- Chapter 7: Conclusion.