"Tata is one of the world's most diversified companies, selling everything from salt to software. Mircea Raianu charts Tata's 150-year trajectory, through the eras of imperial free trade, protectionist nationalism, and market liberalization and asks what the future has in store for India's...

Some central questions in the natural and social sciences can’t be answered by controlled laboratory experiments, often considered to be the hallmark of the scientific method. This impossibility holds for any science concerned with the past. In addition, many manipulative experiments, while...