poverty and child poverty estimates in five middle-income countries (India, Mexico, South Africa, Russian Federation and Peru …There is a wide agreement among poverty research community that conventional estimates of poverty (i.e., money …-metric measures) do not take into account out of pocket payments of health care. Significant household health spending would …

larger for girls, children from rural households, and those with less-educated mothers. Our findings suggest that health …Health at birth is an important indicator of human capital development over the life course. This paper uses …