Based on data for a panel of several thousand Indian firms covering a period of 15 years, between 1991-1992 and 2005-2006, this article has examined the impact of financial retentions and debt types on the levels of R&D undertaken by firms. Retentions by firms clearly influence firms' R&D...

Business groups play an important role in emerging economies. The transactions cost perspective, which has dominated our understanding of such groups, argues that the emergence of business groups is a natural response to market failures in developing countries. In this paper, we propose an...