dependent variables. The dependent variables were active use of contraceptives and contraceptive choice, defined as a parameter … significantly associated (p<0.001) with the contraception use and contraceptive method choice across both the surveys. Our findings …, and fewer than two children had the lowest contraceptive prevalence rate in 2005-06. However, a substantial increment is …

the Indian province of Punjab and Pakistan Integrated Household Survey (PIHS) 1991 data from the Pakistani Punjab province …

fetuses. We investigate their impact on son-biased fertility stopping behavior, parental investments in girls relative to boys …, and the relative chances of girls surviving after birth. We find a moderation of son-biased fertility, erosion of gender …

mechanisms finds a narrowing of gender gaps in parental investments in children, moderation of son-biased fertility stopping, and … shrinking of the gap between actual and desired fertility. Heterogeneity in fertility responses suggests a shift in the …