social strata. We compare women and births in rural Indian districts more or less exposed to tariff cuts. For low … higher mortality rates when more exposed to tariff declines. Consistent with the fertility-sex ratio trade-off in high son … preference societies, fertility increases for low-status women and decreases for high-status women. An exploration of the …

fetuses. We investigate their impact on son-biased fertility stopping behavior, parental investments in girls relative to boys …, and the relative chances of girls surviving after birth. We find a moderation of son-biased fertility, erosion of gender …

mechanisms finds a narrowing of gender gaps in parental investments in children, moderation of son-biased fertility stopping, and … shrinking of the gap between actual and desired fertility. Heterogeneity in fertility responses suggests a shift in the …

during the famine. Finally, controlling for pre-famine fertility, we find that women who were pregnant during the Famine …