Inequality in different forms has existed throughout history, however, with the passage of time, there is increasing awareness of its human cost even when there is little agreement on the causes of inequality or the strategies that may be adopted to address it. This chapter focuses on factors...

The correct welfare assessment of vertical agreements in competition law is a difficult craft. The more mature jurisdictions such as the EU and the US have struggled to develop the optimal framework. This paper scrutinises the vertical agreements cases of the Competition Commission of India...

Minimum resale price maintenance (MRPM) is a device employed by a manufacturer to control its products after they are sold to retailers. MRPM occurs when a manufacturing firm replaces vertical integration by market exchange to enhance efficiency. Since 1991, Ethiopia has experienced free market...

In this foreword, we draw on certain aspects of CCI’s enforcement in digital markets in order to identify some noteworthy trends, provide a comparison with global jurisprudence and ascertain areas of concern for the future. It is not possible to do justice to the array of competition issues...

The paper tries to establish that the current concentrated structure of the Indian e-retail market- in terms of the bulk of the e-retail market being captured by two players namely, Flipkart and Amazon India- has been paradoxically aided by India's antitrust law. This paper shows that the design...

The optimization of fines to deter and detect cartel behavior is one of the main goals of competition policy. Although it is generally argued that fines should be high to be deterrent, the debate on what constitutes an optimal fine is unsettled and some authors suggest using profits (rather than...

Competition Law in India has a root under Article 38 and 39 of the Constitution of India. These Articles constitute part of the Directive Principles of State Policy. Articles 38 and 39 of the Constitution of India provides, inter alia, that the State shall strive to promote the welfare of the...

Patent Litigation is the 'King' of Litigation, it is generally perceived; but the situation is not so true with India. Recently, the study of patent litigation has been receiving increasing attention. The literature has addressed both economic questions about the patents and litigation, as well as...

The competition law rules are of immense importance for optimal functioning of the economic variables as they not only vouchsafe against the monopolistic and exploitative tendencies of the bigger market players, they are also instrumental in providing the smaller and newer entrants in the...