Minimum resale price maintenance (MRPM) is a device employed by a manufacturer to control its products after they are sold to retailers. MRPM occurs when a manufacturing firm replaces vertical integration by market exchange to enhance efficiency. Since 1991, Ethiopia has experienced free market...

The correct welfare assessment of vertical agreements in competition law is a difficult craft. The more mature jurisdictions such as the EU and the US have struggled to develop the optimal framework. This paper scrutinises the vertical agreements cases of the Competition Commission of India...

The paper tries to establish that the current concentrated structure of the Indian e-retail market- in terms of the bulk of the e-retail market being captured by two players namely, Flipkart and Amazon India- has been paradoxically aided by India's antitrust law. This paper shows that the design...

The optimization of fines to deter and detect cartel behavior is one of the main goals of competition policy. Although it is generally argued that fines should be high to be deterrent, the debate on what constitutes an optimal fine is unsettled and some authors suggest using profits (rather than...

In this foreword, we draw on certain aspects of CCI’s enforcement in digital markets in order to identify some noteworthy trends, provide a comparison with global jurisprudence and ascertain areas of concern for the future. It is not possible to do justice to the array of competition issues...

Competition Law in India has a root under Article 38 and 39 of the Constitution of India. These Articles constitute part of the Directive Principles of State Policy. Articles 38 and 39 of the Constitution of India provides, inter alia, that the State shall strive to promote the welfare of the...

Competition Law and Policy relates to matters of competition and competitiveness so that the goods and services are sold at competitive prices and that the consumers have choice as to products they wish to purchase. Competition would also be a matter of larger application — that of overall...