security of tenure as formal jobs. We examine the likelihood of individuals moving up from informal jobs to formal jobs (and … employed and lower-tier informal wage employed. As expected, our results suggest substantial income gains for workers … 'lower-tier' informal jobs, and somewhat better paid 'uppertier' informal jobs, which do not have the same benefits and …

enhance households' access to and usage of the financial system, especially the formal banking system, is to ensure that an … investigate how the infrastructure affects the usage of formal bank loans for both urban and rural households in the People … informational), is significantly associated with the loan demand - most notably for urban households using formal bank loans …

financial integration. India is a particularly insightful case study due to the sheer number of people excluded from formal … its dominant group-based approach. Third, the article will examine why people opt to take micro-credit at 33 percent …