Energy is fundamental to the quality of life in the earth. Meeting the growing demand for energy sustainably is one of the major challenges of the 21st century. Indonesia is a developing country and the world's fourth most populous nation. Total annual energy consumption increased from...

The global energy consumption is likely to grow faster than the population growth. The fuel consumption was growing from 6630million tons of oil equivalents (Mtoe) in 1980 to 11,163Mtoe in 2009. This projected consumption will increase 1.5% per year until 2030 and reach 16,900Mtoe and the main...

Sustainable supply of energy at affordable prices is vital to ensure the human development. ASEAN is committed pursuing for a clean and green region with fully established mechanisms for sustainable development to ensure the protection of regional environment, resources and the high quality of...

The level of energy demand plays a fundamental role in today's society. It is a vital input in supporting the physical and social development of a country, as well as national economic growth. Looking at the energy demand scenario in present time, the global energy consumption is likely to grow...

In Indonesia, the transportation sector is the third largest energy consuming sector (28%) after the industrial and residential sector. Transport energy consumption is mostly driven by the road sub-sector. In order to reduce fuel consumption and emissions production in the transportation sector,...