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) importer, Indonesia's GDP per capita, the bilateral exchange rate, colonialization, and World Trade Organization (WTO …) membership have a positive and significant impact on Indonesia's palm oil downstream exports. Nevertheless, there are negative … and significant effects from Indonesia's GDP, geographical distance between Indonesia and trading partners, the importer …
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This study aims to ascertain the direct impact of Research and Development (R&D) spending on the value of a company, specifically in the palm oil industry. Additionally, the study examines how the company’s size influences its value concerning R&D expenditures. The inquiry examines the impact...
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the ES and QL hypotheses apply in Indonesia during a business cycle that needs to be considered by policymakers. …
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This paper investigates total factor productivity growth (TFPG) and its determinants in the Indonesian palm oil sector …
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frontier analysis, the technical efficiency of cocoa production and decompose productivity growth. According to our results …, the productivity of Indonesian cocoa farming increased by 75 percent between 2001 and 2013. Technical efficiency growth …
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