We examine the evolution of educational assistance in Indonesia, following two decades of government decentralization, and its effect on education quality. Using Indonesia Family Life Survey data, we exploit as exogenous rule the variation in the implementation of government decentralization to...

With the globalized economy, well-educated youth will be critical to Indonesia s competitiveness in the future. Demand for skilled workers will increase with skill-oriented technological change. In addition, a large pool of skills also facilitates knowledge spillover and attracts technology...

This document presents the first known systematic effort to assess the quality of the data gathered by MoEC and MoRA. To assess the accuracy of the data, unannounced visits were conducted to a representative sample of schools by a team of trained observers. These independent school observations...

Today, children with disabilities continue to be one of the most disadvantaged social groups and experience barriers to access and full participation in education in Indonesia. This policy note reviews the current status of Inclusive Education (IE) in Indonesia with dedicated attention to...

The policy note presents an updated estimate of learning loss due to COVID-19 (coronavirus) -related school closures in Indonesia, taking into account the Government of Indonesia~^!!^s mitigating measures. Our revised estimates show that school closures precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic...