The past 25 years has seen extraordinary growth in global demand for the myriad products obtained from the processing of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) crop. Most of the land conversion required to grow the oil palm crop has occurred in Southeast Asia, predominantly in Indonesia and Malaysia....

Indonesia as an archipelagic State still faces many problems regarding management of marine and coastal resources. These include degradation of coastal ecosystem, resource depletion and conflict users in coastal areas. Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is the approach to achieve...