The paper considers time series GMM models where a subset of the parameters are time varying. We focus on an empirically relevant case with moderately large instabilities, which are well approximated by a local asymptotic embedding that does not allow the instability to be detected with...

We develop a general approach to robust inference about a scalar parameter when the data is potentially heterogeneous and correlated in a largely unknown way. The key ingredient is the following result of Bakirov and Sz´ekely (2005) concerning the small sample properties of the standard t-test:...