This paper provides evidence on the mechanisms influencing the patent output of a sample of biotechnology firms from … models of counts are used to analyse the relationship between patent applications and R&D investment and capital expenditures …. It focuses on biotechnology in the period 2002-2007 and is based on a unique data set drawn from various sources …

Using detailed data on biotechnology in Japan, we find that identifiable collaborations" between particular university …

competitors. The paper examines the capacity for decentralised patent-based incentive mechanisms to result in socially optimal … incompatibility between the dynamics of the patent system and the dynamics of the resistance problem under both types of evolution …. Under scale-dependent evolution, the externalities within a patent-based system indicate that decentralised mechanisms will …

literature by 119 biotechnology firms. The papers involve collaboration between firm scientists and scientists working in … forward citation streams to the papers: technological innovation is measured as patent-to-paper citations, and research impact …