From a firm’s perspective two competing forces are driving the decision to invest in innovation. On the one hand …, innovative performance is an important driver of profitability and growth. On the other hand, investments in innovation suffer … firms may protect their inventions by means of intellectual property rights, such as patents. By taking out a patent …

postdoctoral scholars contribute equally to patent activity or whether there is a differential effect depending upon visa status …. We find patent counts relate positively and significantly to the number of faculty, number of PhD students and number of …

This chapter summarizes the basic characteristics of patent data as an innovation indicator and reviews some of the … recent research using patent data, focusing on major developments since Griliches in 1990 [Griliches, Z. (1990). “Patent … availability of patent data on an increasingly global scale and the accompanying global spread of research using patent data. The …

innovation. Yet, denying patents on research inputs can frustrate patent law’s broad goal to protect and promote advances in …The patent system gives the courts discretion to tailor patentability standards flexibly across technologies to provide … optimal incentives for innovation. For chemical inventions, the courts deem them unpatentable if the chemical lacks a …

O'donoghue and Zweimüller (2004, J. of Econ. Growth), a seminal work, showed that broadening leading breadth in patent … protection can stimulate innovation. However, the empirical literature has consistently found skeptical results on the positive … our model, broadening leading breadth can negatively affect innovation because each innovator is incentivized to free …

. -- heterogeneous inventions ; innovation size ; intellectual property rights ; patents ; patent filing fees ; patentability standards … mechanisms for medium inventions, and patent their most important innovations. This result reestablishes the traditional view …

Licensing in a patent thicket allows firms to either avoid or resolve hold-up. Firms' R&D incentives depend on whether … they license ex ante or ex post. We develop a model of a patent portfolio race, which allows for endogenous R&D efforts, to … likely to avoid patent portfolio races, since the threat of hold-up increases. On the other hand, more valuable technologies …

set of opportunities for innovation in agricultural biotechnologies. Moreover, the institutional, regulatory and …

Can weakening patent protection incentivize innovation? I investigate the effects of weakened patent protection on … innovation at public firms by exploiting differential exposure to the Supreme Court decision Alice v. CLS bank. I employ a … relative to control firms that are less exposed. I provide causal evidence that innovation, measured by R&D, responds …