. -- heterogeneous inventions ; innovation size ; intellectual property rights ; patents ; patent filing fees ; patentability standards …Patents have long been regarded as the 'gold standard' of intellectual property protection. In "Little patents and big … patenting costs, patentability standards, and the fact that patents provide protection in competitive situations where secrecy …

framework. -- filing fees ; imitation ; innovation ; probabilistic patent rights ; R&D ; simultaneous innovation ; trade secrets …Traditionally patents are seen as the gold standard for intellectual property protection. But, in line with empirical … results on the relation between patenting and innovation size are then confronted with survey data for small European firms …

This paper tries to find how firms use IPRs in the form of patents to protect innovation capital and find determinants … find a link between patent propensity, R&D and innovation performance. Descriptive analyses show that Polish manufacturing … increase in patent propensity affects the firm's innovation performancepositively. …

This paper examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic innovation based on a data set covering … show that there is a negative horizontal spillover effect of FDI on domestic innovation when the intellectual property … on why developing countries should encourage FDI and strengthen the IPR regime together to enhance domestic innovation …

set of opportunities for innovation in agricultural biotechnologies. Moreover, the institutional, regulatory and …