We study research joint ventures (RJV) given that knowledge spillovers dependpositively on the technological proximity between firms. Possible scenarios differin the intensity of collaboration, i.e., the (non)coordination of research activities,and the extent of knowledge exchange. The...

Classical patent literature assumes that patents grant well-defined legal rights to exclude others from practicing an invention. In this scenario, start-up companies benefit from the exclusive right to commercialize patent-protected inventions and the certification effect of patents which...