The structure of the Nigerian economy is typical of an underdeveloped country. The primary sector, in particular, the oil and gas sector, dominates the gross domestic product accounting for over 95 per cent of export earnings and about 85 per cent of government revenue between 2011 and 2012. The...

This paper chronicles the evolution of industry in Ghana over the post-independence era from an inward over-protected import substitution industrialization strategy of 1960-83 to an outward liberalized strategy during 1984-2000, and since 2001, to the private sector-led accelerated industrial...

1. The Integrated State of Global Production Chain -- 2. Bismarck and German Consensus -- 3. The Meiji Restoration and Industrial Focus -- 4. The New Rome and The US Exceptionalism -- 5. The Current Entrenched Global Gentrification -- 6. The Balancing Acts by Large Industrial Economies -- 7. The...