This Element develops an innovative combinatorial model of technological change and tests it with 2,000 years of data from global GDP data and US patents, thus generating the observed historical pattern of technological change. This Element models the Industrial Revolution as a combinatorial...

"India initiated liberal economic reforms in 1991 to transform a slow-growing, large, inward-oriented, state-led economy into an open, market-led, export-oriented industrialising economy, seeking to emulate the East Asian success story. After nearly three decades, however, the outcomes are...

India initiated liberal economic reforms in 1991 to transform a slow-growing, state-led economy into an open, export-oriented industrialising economy. Though economic growth has accelerated, industrialisation has suffered from the manufacturing sector's share and labour intensive sectors failing...