that changes in various extensive margins (new markets, new goods) account for over 30 percent of export growth over this …-level characteristics interacting with destination-specific characteristics. We confirm that export growth for “new” products was stronger … evidence that Japan exported low quality manufactured goods to new, low-income destinations. Instead, reductions in trade costs …

Disappointment about the results of import substituting industrialization strategies as well as the spectacular … performance of a few newly industrialised countries have led many developing countries to switch in the 1970s to export oriented … industrialization. This analysis cautions against any misplaced euphoria with regard to this strategy in a neo-mercantilistic and …

Most low-income countries export mainly unprocessed commodities. Yet, in their pursuit of structural transformation …