In this paper we highlight one of alternative solutions in the manufacture of biofuel, which will replace the classical fuels who are being exhausted with harmful effects on the environment and human health. There are solutions to reduce net emissions of carbon dioxide by 70% compared to...

We characterize increases and decreases in plant-product -level output sales in the Finnish manufacturing sector during years 2006 to 2015. We show that during the recession of 2008 to 2009, the intensity of variation in plant-product -level sales diminished, and it took several years until the...

This study analyzes trends in specialization of the Finnish industry since the 1980s. Low technology industries, such as pulp and paper, have had traditionally a large proportion of the Finnish industrial output. During the recent decades their share of output has decreased significantly and...