This research investigates the hypothesis that publicly funded scientific research complements private R&D investment in the pharmaceutical industry. New microlevel data on public research investment by the U.S. National Institutes of Health allow measures of basic and clinical research in seven...

Additive manufacturing (AM) is increasingly gaining a presence in the pharmaceutical industry, specifically in the reconfiguration of drug delivery systems wherein new products are being developed for administering pharmaceuticals inside the body, and drug testing systems wherein complex tissues...