We explore the manufacturer's incentives to use a dual-channel supply chain rather than only a direct or an indirect channel in simultaneous price competition. We first revisit the demand formulation widely used in the context of channel analysis and introduce a different demand formulation...

As the distribution strategy, the bundle and add-on strategy has been widely applied to sell the base goods and add-on goods in retail markets. Meanwhile, the rapid growth of e-commerce has also forced more platforms to participate in the above strategies. Motivated by these, we consider three...