This paper addresses the question of how firms react to tax incentives in a formula apportionment (FA) tax regime. Under FA, the profits of all consolidated entities of a business group are summed and then allocated according to a formula based on FA factors. We hypothesize that firms may change...

Im Jahre 1994 hat das DIW ein Szenario für eine ökologische Steuerreform untersucht. Dabei wurde die Einführung einer allgemeinen Energiesteuer unterstellt, deren Aufkommen zur Senkung bestehender Abgaben (insbesondere zur Senkung der Lohnnebenkosten der Arbeitgeber) verwendet werden sollte....

Environmental taxation very often comprises special provisions for parts of the business sector in order to attenuate effects on competitiveness of emissionintensive activities. This paper discusses motives, alternative designs and criteria for the evaluation of such safeguards and analyzes if...

"We use a panel of manufacturing plants from Colombia to analyze how the rise in payroll tax rates over the 1980s and 1990s affected the labor market. Our estimates indicate that formal wages fall by between 1.4% and 2.3% as a result of a 10% rise in payroll taxes. This "less-than-full-shifting"...