This paper studies the impact of market restructuring on the character of research and development (R&D) expenditures. Using a political economy approach, we consider the likely differences in internal and collaborative R&D activities under regulatory and market regimes, and test the predictions...

In this paper, we argue that fundamental reforms of the Swedish business sector can explain the remarkable productivity and employment growth that followed the deep economic crisis in Sweden in the early 1990s. In the 1970s and 1980s, Sweden had one of the most regulated business sectors in the...

Data Envelopment analysis (DEA) has been used to calculate the technical and scale efficiency measures of the public and private steel firms of the Indian Steel Industry (2006 to 2010). Within DEA framework, the input & Output oriented Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) & Constant Return to Scale...

This paper documents an increase in residential electricity consumption while industrial and commercial consumption has fallen during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Hourly smart meter data from Texas reveals how daily routines changed during the pandemic, with usage during weekdays...

Die vorliegende Studie wurde im Arbeitsbereich Branchenforschung erstellt und im Juli 2008 abgeschlossen. Auftraggeber war der Bundesverband der Deutschen Gießerei-Industrie (BDG). Koordiniert wurde die Zusammenarbeit von Heiko Lickfett, Chefvolkswirt des Verbandes. Das ifo Institut für...

For much of the industrialized world, pollution from manufacturing has been falling despite increased output. In this paper, we provide the first estimates of the extent to which environmental regulations have contributed to this “clean-up” of manufacturing by causing: (i) the adoption of...

Cutting out the intermediary and selling directly to consumers is an increasingly common strategy by manufacturers in many industries. We develop a structural model of vertical relations where manufacturers both bargain with retailers over wholesale prices and sell their products directly to...

We study how a regulator can best target inspections. Our case study is a US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) program that randomly allocated some inspections. On average, each inspection averted 2.4 serious injuries (9%) over the next five years. We use new machine learning...

This paper examines determinants of firms' innovations with environmental benefits. Using micro-data from Ireland, we identify and quantify the impact of environmental regulations, innovation-inputs, firm-specific characteristics, spillovers from other green innovators, public funding and...

Reports of the death of U.S. manufacturing have been greatly exaggerated. Since the depth of the manufacturing recession in 2002, the sector as a whole has experienced robust and sustained output, revenue, and profit growth. The year 2006 was a record year for output, revenues, profits, profit...