We investigate theoretically and empirically the role of wholesalers in mediating the productivity effects of trade … liberalization. Intermediaries provide indirect access to foreign produced inputs. The productivity effects of input tariff cuts on … firms experience productivity gains from reducing input tariffs if trade intermediation of foreign inputs within their …

economies of scale to sort out the rich interactions between TBT reform, input diversity, firm-level productivity, and aggregate … productivity. We calibrate the model for 14 industries in order to clarify the theoretical ambiguities. Overall, our results tend …

economies of scale to sort out the rich interactions between TBT reform, input diversity, firm-level productivity, and aggregate … productivity. We calibrate the model for 14 industries in order to clarify the theoretical ambiguities. Overall, our results tend …

Trefler (2004, AER) and others that industrial productivity increases more strongly in liberalized industries than in non … productivity increases more strongly in non-liberalized industries than in liberalized industries. …

prices, productivity levels and markups as functions of openness to trade at a sectoral level. The theory lends itself … evidence that trade openness exerts a competitive effect, with prices and markups falling and productivity rising. Consistent …

, scope, and productivity. Our model explains two puzzles. First, it explains the well-known size-discount puzzle: large firms … our model, globalization not only affects the distribution of observed productivities but also productivity at the firm …

prices, productivity levels and markups as functions of openness to trade at a sectoral level. The theory lends itself … evidence that trade openness exerts a competitive effect, with prices and markups falling and productivity rising. Consistent …

liberalization. As a result, the aggregate productivity is affected by a reallocation of resources to more productive firms and a …