impact of automation on local labor markets in Brazil are estimated using a shift-share approach. Local labor market …

informal labor markets. In this period, import penetration grew by more than 20 percent in Brazil, and the share of the import … estimates suggest that a larger Chinese import penetration reduces average formal wages, while imports from elsewhere have the … opposite effect. The results also indicate that the magnitude of the effects on wages are moderated by the unskilled labor …

the ROW raised workers wages and reduced the likelihood of their being informally employed. The state-level estimates …

employment and wages offered by Indonesian manufacturing firms from 1993 to 2006. It shows that the estimated effects of minimum …. It finds significant heterogeneous effects of minimum-wage changes on employment. The employment effects of minimum wages … of small firms than that of large firms, suggesting that minimum wages are more binding in small firms …

This paper investigates the impact of minimum wages on employment and wages in Indonesian manufacturing firms between …, negative employment effects of minimum wages among small firms and for non-production, less-educated and female workers. The … paper also finds that minimum wages are more correlated with small firms' average wages than large firms', suggesting that …