informality as a continuum consisting of four degrees. The quantitative data includes 516 manufacturing enterprises which are … effects of formalization. It suggests that the most informal firms do not benefit from formalization due to their underlying … formalization and firm outcomes. Instead of applying a binary formality indicator, it constructs a conceptual framework that regards …

Using a novel panel survey of enterprises in Myanmar, we compare the performance of manufacturing firms by three … different informality definitions. The first is binary, based on whether firms pay taxes. The second captures five categories of …'s workers. Depending on the informality concept used, formalization has positive, insignificant, and negative performance …

This paper examines how firms in an emerging economy are affected by violence due to drug trafficking. Employing rich … utilization. Resilience to violence differs widely across different types of employment within firms and across firms with … of the most affected firms and the channels through which they are affected. …

This paper presents an analysis of factors shaping technology-upgrading efforts in the Mozambican manufacturing sector … analysis to identify factors associated with firms' decisions to engage in technology-upgrading efforts in three areas: (i … manufacturing technologies; (iii) and process engineering. In line with much of the literature on industrial organization and the …

We characterize increases and decreases in plant-product -level output sales in the Finnish manufacturing sector during …

, the disaster hit some types of manufacturing firms much harder than others. For instance, businesses in the construction …This study investigates how manufacturing companies were affected by tropical Cyclone Idai, which struck Central …

, less productive firms may not be the ones forced out of business. This paper examines the determinants of manufacturing …Which firms are driven out of business the African context? Given that many markets do not function efficiently in …

productivity and its determinants in the manufacturing and service sectors in Kenya. As the largest economy in East Africa, it is … communication had a positive but insignificant impact on firms' labour productivity. On the basis of these observations we make a …

than 7 per cent annually since 1992, the economy is mostly based on low-productivity agriculture. Manufacturing contributes …