domestic sales and export flows. Spanish manufacturing firms whose domestic sales were reduced by more during the crisis … observed a larger increase in their export flows, even after controlling for firms' supply determinants (such as labor costs …). This negative relationship between demand-driven changes in domestic sales and changes in export flows illustrates the …

Italian manufacturing firms. Using matched sampling techniques that control for selection bias, we estimate whether new export … findings indicate that export entrants improve their productivity in the first period after entry although this effect vanishes …