This chapter summarizes the basic characteristics of patent data as an innovation indicator and reviews some of the … recent research using patent data, focusing on major developments since Griliches in 1990 [Griliches, Z. (1990). “Patent … availability of patent data on an increasingly global scale and the accompanying global spread of research using patent data. The …

innovation. Yet, denying patents on research inputs can frustrate patent law’s broad goal to protect and promote advances in …The patent system gives the courts discretion to tailor patentability standards flexibly across technologies to provide … optimal incentives for innovation. For chemical inventions, the courts deem them unpatentable if the chemical lacks a …

Patent race models assume that an innovator wins the only patent covering a product. But when technologies are complex … patent standards are low, firms build "thickets" of patents, especially incumbent firms in mature industries. When they … other hand, when lead time advantages are significant and patent standards are high, firms pursue strategies of "mutual non …