set of opportunities for innovation in agricultural biotechnologies. Moreover, the institutional, regulatory and …

postdoctoral scholars contribute equally to patent activity or whether there is a differential effect depending upon visa status …. We find patent counts relate positively and significantly to the number of faculty, number of PhD students and number of …

innovation. Yet, denying patents on research inputs can frustrate patent law’s broad goal to protect and promote advances in …The patent system gives the courts discretion to tailor patentability standards flexibly across technologies to provide … optimal incentives for innovation. For chemical inventions, the courts deem them unpatentable if the chemical lacks a …

This paper examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic innovation based on a data set covering … show that there is a negative horizontal spillover effect of FDI on domestic innovation when the intellectual property … on why developing countries should encourage FDI and strengthen the IPR regime together to enhance domestic innovation …

computer software industry. We focus on two key aspects: patent portfolio size which affects bargaining power in patent … find evidence that both strategic patenting and Ramp;D spillovers strongly affect innovation and market value of software … cumulative innovation. This paper studies the effects of strategic patenting on Ramp;D, patenting and market value in the …

From a firm’s perspective two competing forces are driving the decision to invest in innovation. On the one hand …, innovative performance is an important driver of profitability and growth. On the other hand, investments in innovation suffer … firms may protect their inventions by means of intellectual property rights, such as patents. By taking out a patent …

China has surpassed the United States in patent applications and has become world leader. Strong patenting activity … by electronics manufacturers. State-owned firms spend more on R&D per patent, but hold fewer patents per researcher than … patent holders. Furthermore, the paper examines what drives patenting activity. Higher R&D spending by the firm and higher …

Classical patent literature assumes that patents grant well-defined legal rights to exclude others from practicing an … invention. In this scenario, start-up companies benefit from the exclusive right to commercialize patent-protected inventions … and the certification effect of patents which signals the ventures’ “quality” to investors. If the decision about patent …

largely satisfied with today's patent system while the electronics, software and Internet industries are not. This article …The Federal Trade Commission's 2003 innovation report revealed an interesting fact: the pharmaceutical industry is … inventive process for pharmaceuticals. Our patent system, however, has no analogous requirement for the other fields. In them …

This chapter summarizes the basic characteristics of patent data as an innovation indicator and reviews some of the … recent research using patent data, focusing on major developments since Griliches in 1990 [Griliches, Z. (1990). “Patent … availability of patent data on an increasingly global scale and the accompanying global spread of research using patent data. The …