When academic researchers participate in commercialization using for-profit firms there is a potentially costly trade-off their time and effort are diverted away from academic knowledge creation. This is a form of brain drain on the not-for-profit research sector which may reduce knowledge...

In marked contrast with all leading foreign patent law regimes, no statutory provision in the U.S. Patent Act provides a general exemption from infringement liability for unlicensed use of patented inventions in contexts such as scholarly research and scientific experimentation. Early U.S....

This paper examines the relationship between the internationalisation of firms in services and their innovation performance. We use firm-level data over the period 2004-2006 and estimate an augmented structural model to account for the role of foreign direct investment and exporting on the...