proposals have been framed as issues of access and spending. If innovation incentives come up at all, it has primarily been … because pharmaceutical companies claim that reducing drug prices will threaten innovation by lowering the returns from their … patents.In fact, however, pharmaceutical access and innovation incentives are intimately related. Health insurance can change …

steadily declined, the market value of patents made a large and sustained gain in the new millennium. An additional patent per …

This paper examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic innovation based on a data set covering … show that there is a negative horizontal spillover effect of FDI on domestic innovation when the intellectual property … on why developing countries should encourage FDI and strengthen the IPR regime together to enhance domestic innovation …

set of opportunities for innovation in agricultural biotechnologies. Moreover, the institutional, regulatory and …

use both academic publications and patent data to trace the geographical distribution of related knowledge and innovation …

The patent laws of many countries have ''research exemption'' provisions that exempt certain research-related uses of … proprietary materials from patent infringement. By limiting the rights of existing patent holders, such rules are meant to … facilitate follow-on innovation and benefit latecomer firms, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. In this paper, we provide …

cumulative innovation. This paper studies the effects of strategic patenting on Ramp;D, patenting and market value in the … computer software industry. We focus on two key aspects: patent portfolio size which affects bargaining power in patent … disputes, and the fragmentation of patent rights (.patent thickets.) which increases the transaction costs of enforcement. We …

China has surpassed the United States in patent applications and has become world leader. Strong patenting activity … by electronics manufacturers. State-owned firms spend more on R&D per patent, but hold fewer patents per researcher than … patent holders. Furthermore, the paper examines what drives patenting activity. Higher R&D spending by the firm and higher …

postdoctoral scholars contribute equally to patent activity or whether there is a differential effect depending upon visa status …. We find patent counts relate positively and significantly to the number of faculty, number of PhD students and number of …