This paper provides estimates of the probability of an economy hitting its effective lower bound (ELB) on the nominal interest rate and of the expected duration of such an event for eight advanced economies. To that end, a mean-adjusted panel vector autoregression with static interdependencies...

Past empirical research on the effects of monetary policy in closed and open economies found evidence of several anomalies, such as the 'liquidity', 'price', 'exchange rate' and 'forward discount bias' puzzles. In this paper, we develop an approach that provides a solution to these empirical...