Recent innovation literature has documented the benefits of cross-pollination of ideas across a wide set of industries and technology fields in an economy. Industrial and trade policies, by contrast, tend to favor economic specialization through the promotion of selected sectors. In this paper...

Since the mid-twentieth century, the Portuguese economy converged vis-à-vis with the EU average, due to backwardness advantages. At the same time, the dynamic effects of Foreign Direct Investment allowed for a structural shift in exports towards technology-intensive activities. However, in the...