The money supply in historical perspective -- Beyond monetary policy -- The development of a specie standard -- The U.S. banks and antebellum panics -- Greenbacks, gold, and silver purchases -- The national banking system -- Reform proposals and legislation -- The early Federal Reserve -- The...

We exploit employment data from 10,528 parishes across nineteenth century England and Wales and find that a one standard deviation increase in finance employment increases the annualized growth rate of secondary labour by 0.8 percentage points. An endogenous growth model with finance and...