The configuration of industrial enterprises in Romania, in terms of numbers and structure, in relation to their characteristics, mirrors the Romanian economy and society at large, in their chronological development. Marked by the changes in the technological and economic paradigm, by the...

This paper is a chapter in the forthcoming Oxford Handbook on International Antitrust Economics. The chapter surveys issues raised by the development of industry standards, whether accomplished through a formal standard setting committee structure or the activities of a single sponsor. The focus...

The industrialization of sub-Saharan Africa has been lagging for a long time. In particular, the growth of the manufacturing sector of the region has been generally minimal. Most of the countries’ economies have been heavily dependent on primary sectors such as agriculture or natural resources...

We exploit employment data from 10,528 parishes across nineteenth century England and Wales and find that a one standard deviation increase in finance employment increases the annualized growth rate of secondary labour by 0.8 percentage points. An endogenous growth model with finance and...

The paper discusses the practical possibilities of achieving increased downstream processing and the policies that are commonly used for this purpose. It reviews the reasons why forward vertical integration is not always an optimal choice for extractive industry companies. It finds little...