This article investigates the change in the living standards and inequalities in Dar Es Salaam. Two publicly available micro data sets are used to estimate the household expenditures in 1991 and 1996. Based on the estimated expenditures, living standards and inequalities are quantitatively...

In Japan, economic stagnation due to the lack of aggregate demand has hit the regional health insurance system and this affects most retired pensioners. The fiscal state of insurers in rural areas deteriorated. This paper aims to investigate whether the regional disparities in medical levies per...