consistency properties. The class encompasses some widely used income inequality and poverty measures, in particular the variance …, the Gini index, the poverty rate, the average poverty gap ratios, the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke index, and the Sen index and … its modified form. This paper illustrates how these measures come together within the class of U-statistics, and thereby …

Empirical analyses of economic inequality, poverty, and mobility in Germany are, to an increas-ing extent, using … analysis in support of the European Commission's stated objective of fighting poverty and reducing social inequality through … considerable impact on the degree and structure of inequality and poverty (see Hauser 2008, Causa et al. 2009, Nolan et al. 2009 …

, this paper summarizes research findings on the relationship between urbanization, urban-rural inequality, and poverty, and … provides further empirical evidence on the role of urbanization and government policies in urban poverty. Several conclusions … can be drawn from. First, urbanization has a significant effect on reducing both poverty of rural residents and poverty of …

various designs and estimating costs and possible impacts on poverty and inequality. The authors also analyse a series of …