Conceptually and empirically, inflation volatility in Indonesia is a monetary and fiscal phenomenon. This study focuses … supply in Indonesia. This study uses Indonesian macroeconomic data of inflation and money supply from the Bank of Indonesia … a one-way causality between inflation and money supply in Indonesia. These findings imply that money supply causes …

role played by inflation expectations and the money supply shocks during major oil shock episodes. These shocks partially … replace roles previously attributed to the precautionary oil demand shock and the aggregate demand shock during the three … major oil shock periods of the 1970s-1980s, post-2008 and during the 2020-2021 pandemic. The results show that both real oil …

shock. Money supply should be allowed to grow according to the real output of the economy but excess growth of money causes …