We use a detailed micro dataset on product availability to construct a direct high-frequency measure of consumer product shortages during the 2020-2021 pandemic. We document a widespread multi-fold rise in shortages in nearly all sectors early in the pandemic. Over time, the composition of...

The present study, formulates a multi-echelon supply chain network with a single producer, multi-distributors and multi-retailers for a deteriorating inventory during a finite planning horizon. The inventory levels of the producer and the distributors are assumed to be decreasing by discrete...