In December 2015, the Federal Reserve Board (FRB) initiated the process of "normalization," with the objective of gradually raising the federal funds rate back to "normal"-i.e., levels that are "neither expansionary nor contrary" and are consistent with the established 2 percent longer-run goal...

By making use of a dynamic model, this paper examines the effectiveness of the interest rate policy to control inflation. The model utilized in this paper considers both demand and supply side effects of interest rate. These effects are used to derive the relevant impulse response functions and...

Recent empirical evidence by Fair (2002,2005) and Giordani (2003) shows that a positive inflation shock with the nominal interest rate held constant has contractionary effects. These results cannot be reconciled with the standard 'New Synthesis' literature. This paper reconsiders the effects of...

This paper considers the "Lucas"-critique issue of how the indicator role of auction prices is affected when the central bank attempts to exploit the correlation between auction prices and inflation. This question is examined using a simple macroeconomic model with rational expectations (perfect...

This paper studies the relationship between inflation, output, money and interest rates in the euro area, using data spanning 1980-2000. The P model is shown to have considerable empirical support. Thus, the "price gap" or, equivalently, the "real money gap" (the gap between current real...

Several explanations have been put forward for the observation that massive inflation has not appeared as a result of the explosive monetary growth generated by quantitative easing that was in 2008. Several plausible explanations have been put forward for this observation, but none of them can...

Since March 2020, central banks in major economies have been monetising government deficits by purchasing a significant part of the new debt issued by the government. In the UK, this has resulted in the rate of growth of money broadly-defined (M4) reaching an extraordinary 14% in 2020. Advocates...

This paper extends previous research on how monetary policy rates impact interest and inflation rates. We develop and apply a system model comprised of joint Fisher-Wicksell effects augmented with the federal funds rate. Theoretical relationships between ex ante and ex post coefficients are...