-term interest rate into an expected inflation and an ex-ante real interest rate component. The latter may be a useful indicator of … rate series and the stationary component of the real interest rate is estimated and shocks to expected inflation and the ex …-ante real rate are identified using the long-run restriction that only shocks to expected inflation have long-run effects on the …

empirical part consists of a cointegration analysis with an error correction mechanism from the mid 80s until 2005. We are able …