This paper aims at assessing the impact of inflation targeting on actual inflation when considering inflation … perceptions together with interrelated inflation expectations, modifying the seminal papers of Barro and Gordon (1983a and 1983b …). The modeling of inflation perceptions and of inflation expectations follows suggestions of recent literature, but also …

inflation and deflationary biases in inflation expectations. In a model with an occasionally binding zero-lower-bound constraint …, we show that an inflation bias as well as a deflationary bias exist as a steady-state outcome. We assess the predictions … of this model using unique individual-level inflation expectations data across nine countries that allow for a direct …